The Theories Believe Biological Or Genetic Risk Factors

Abstract Biosocial theories believe biological or genetic risk factors along with their environment impact an individual’s predisposition to engage in criminal behavior throughout their life. The biological risk factors tied with their environment can also impact an individual’s predilection to develop antisocial behavior or tendencies, violent or aggressive behavior, impulsivity, lack of social responsibility and their ability to learn complex behavior patterns. Several empirical studies regarding biosocial theory and its components will be reviewed within this paper followed by an explanation as to why a policy in policing and corrections with its basis in biosocial theory would not be effective. Biosocial theory is a theory†¦show more content†¦Caspi et al. (1994) conducted a study that determined specific personality differences are linked to crime without regard to race, age, or geographical location. Through comparison of a male and female birth cohort in New Zealand and an ethnically diverse group of 12-13-year-old boys in the United States, Caspi et al. (1994) determined, â€Å"robust personality correlates to delinquency (pg. 179).† Their study found that individuals that engaged in delinquency, â€Å"preferred rebelliousness to conventionality, behaved impulsively rather than cautiously, and were likely to take advantage of others (pg.180).† Further personality testing amongst all the individuals showed the individuals that engaged in delinquency tended to become easily upset or agitated with their friends when they felt betrayed or used by their friends (Caspi et al., 1994). Caspi et al. (1994) concluded the greater negative emotionality capability and less constraint an individual had, would lead to an increased delinquency and theoretically, antisocial behavior would be likely in that individual. Individuals in the study that demonstrated negative correlations with constraint levels, meaning the individuals responded to â€Å"frustrating events,† with strong negative emotions, â€Å"were likely to be impulsive, danger-seeking, and rejectingShow MoreRelatedEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 PagesCrime theories are still in a development stage; it is an evolutionary process that continues to this day. Crime is still a complex and misunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologicallyRead MoreBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers of this school used the approach to the study of crime, which became known as criminology. Positivists saw behavior as determined by its biological, psychological, and social traits (Williams McShane, 2009). This paper will compare and contrast the Biology/Biosocial theory of the Positive School theory of crime and the Classical School theory of crime. Positive School The Positive School began around the late nineteenth century. Auguste Comte, a French philosopher and social scientistRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to each of the threeRead MoreThe Research Theories Of Biosocial Criminology1177 Words   |  5 Pagescriminological theories thought to identify and explain the behaviors of criminals. The factors that distinguish each theory are as unique as they are the same. Each individual theory takes on a different side of the same fact ors but the current criminological theories don’t carry much merit due to the lack of criminality predictability, crime explanation, and to the inconsistencies within the theories themselves. Unlike other areas of scientific research, criminology is continually adding new theories withoutRead MorePsychological And Biological Explanations Of Depression1534 Words   |  7 Pagesis much debate over what exactly causes depression. Biological explanations question hereditary and neurotransmitter factors. While psychological theories include the cognitive ideas of Beck’s negative triad and hopelessness theory. This essay will focus on the ways in which psychological and biological explanations contrast and how their theories can overlap to better understand depression. The biological theory of depression focusing on genetics argues that shared DNA is the cause of depression soRead MoreEssay about Biology Genetics And Substance Abuse 901 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Biology, Genetics, and Substance Abuse and Addiction Leigh Lusignan Walden University CPSY 6728-4 Substance Abuse Counseling Facilitator: Dr. Natalie Spencer June 13, 2014 Biology, Genetics, and Substance Abuse and Addiction The relationship between genetics and substance abuse or addiction is a source of some controversy in the field (Walden University, 2014). In this application, I will consider how natural dispositions and genetics may influence substance abuse and addiction and develop aRead MoreBrain Dysfunction913 Words   |  4 Pagesof Your Mind† I do believe that people are predisposed to violence. I do maintain my position that even if the same Neurological and genetic factors that lead to crime are present in a person the lack of a healthy environment is what will cause those neurological and genetic factors to manifest themselves into crime or violence. The video also discusses the region of the human brain that can be linked to crime/evil. I do believe now that people can be born with genetic factors that make them proneRead MoreBiological Determinism And Crime Of Criminology1595 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Determinism and Criminality Throughout the history of criminology, each theory dominates and gains support than others though different period of time. This essay will first discuss the argument for biological determinism which mainly focuses on phrenology. The idea of Darwinism also links to Lombroso’s idea that a person’s bad behavior can be predicted and should be eliminated will also be discussed. The second part of the essay will emphasis the classical theory and how in contrastsRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe and have debated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are referred to as gays while the female ones are called lesbians. Ideally, since timeRead MoreAre Mental Disorders Biological Or Environmental?1410 Words   |  6 Pages Macek 1 Mrs.Wickham English 9 4 March 2016 Are mental disorders biological or environmental? For years the nurture versus nature debate has been argued by people around the world. Mental disorders are one of the main topics discussed among these people. Mental disorders apply to many mental health conditions that

Underrated Questions on Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application You Need to Know About

Underrated Questions on Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application You Need to Know About Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application Fundamentals Explained Many faculty members truly believe in building a shift. It's perfectly feasible for applicants to become in with only these items and a great deal of applicants before you've gotten in without any supplementation or additional materials whatsoever. Well, I believe I contribute plenty. The Fundamentals of Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application Revealed I truly think there isn't a more a rewarding career than one which allows you to help others. Because of the ARD role I've been afforded, I have had the chance to observe how this prospective career may play out. How cowardly, and of course foolish! The Unexpected Truth About Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application You ought to take a more strategic strategy. Understanding my former responsibilities when it comes to theory and learn to turn new theories into practice is a process I cannot wait to start. It can address the way the candidate incorporates diversity in their teaching materials and methods. Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application for Dummies Carrie takes a risk within her essay. Also, students might need to incorporate an addendum. Childhood traumas were also shown to be associated with substance addiction together with behavioral addictions like gambling. Professor XXXX has numerous articles regarding the trauma of kids and adolescents. For instance, if a school focuses a whole lot on community service and you've got similar experiences, mention that. Since I obtained a broader comprehension of the various facets that lead to health, I find myself asking new questions and wanting to find out more. Despite the fact that you don't need to cater to people's biases, you likewise don't wish to diminish your o dds of getting into college. Minimum rates which are simple to afford You may have heard how your other peers pay for essay writing, but of course, as it's your very first time, you may be feeling anxious and a little worried. Think about parts of your character or elements of your background that force you to stick out from other applicants. Accentuate any character traits which you feel you've built via the adversity and use examples of skills that you currently possess as a consequence of these trials. Learn more on the subject of UCSFConnect here! Want to Know More About Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application? Even if you're a male, Caucasian, third-generation American, you can nonetheless illustrate your diversity in different areas. However, I do want you to be realistic don't compose a diversity statement only to write one. Diversity statements are a somewhat new addition to the work application packet. They are not mandatory. A diversity statement sometimes takes a selection of forms. Be aware the marked differences between these two sorts of statements. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application Meaning, you'll need to talk about your private background and the way this has affected you. And it may go without saying, but ensure that you obey the directions! Generally, logging creates economic benefits at the neighborhood level. Obviously, we cannot make you trust us, but we can guarantee that we won't disappoint you. Graduate programs are always searching for students with distinct backgrounds to help diversify their classes, so being a minority, immigrant, or a different underrepresented demographic could be precisely what you have to set yourself aside from the remainder of the applicant pool. Obviously, it's true that lots of faculty members overtly reject campus efforts to boost diversity and equity. Faculty jobs can be challenging. There's a science to teaching. Big businesses and Universities are always watching out for young and talented folks. While earning my advanced level, I mean to learn the details and structure that's required to successfully run arts organizations. The Hidden Truth About Diversity Statement Essay Samples Psycholgoy Graduate Application Moreover, medical schools already know about every one of the programs and resources they provide, which means you wouldn't be providing much value via your writing. You must have invested yourself in the area of diversity to have lived and breathed uniqueness to be able to write successfully about how you are going to lead to your school's diverse population. Though we are an agency based in america of America, our services extend so far as in Australia. In the past few years, scientists have suggested that Internet addiction could be comorbid with psychological symptoms like mood, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Inside my research, I also have found a connection between Internet addiction and impulsivity which is often seen among people that have Borderline Personality Disorder. Using Internet is quite common all over the planet, especially among teenagers and has increased exponentially over the last decade. Video games and societal media overuse in adolescence has come to be an increasingly studied area over the previous decade. As far as I am aware, there are only two or three studies that directly assess the association between Internet addiction and Borderline Personality Disorder. This field enables me to help others each day at one time in their lives when many students need it most. And for a number of those individuals, like lots of the villagers in Thailand, working extra hours isn't momentary. It wasn't your standard study abroad experience. It's your responsibility to determine what your diverse experience is. The clinical knowledge in the area is particularly important to me. You feel you've gotten to kno w her. It's in your very best interest to provide supplemental information when given an opportunity. More information about those fellowships is on the fellowship site.

Media Analysis on Australian Identity Essay Example For Students

Media Analysis on Australian Identity Essay The concept of Australian identity has changed over the course of history especially since the domination of media representation in contemporary society. From the image of a bushman to a larrikin, the identity of an Australian male evolves as the society develops, but the essential core of the Australianness remains largely on the concept of masculinity and mateship. Most of the sportsmen are considered to be the representation of the larrikins, who did not adhere to polite social conventions or rules and act rough around the edges (Hogg class lecture). Australian male identity is independent, resilience to dilemmas and especially for larrikins, they do not adhere polite social conventions and rules of behaviours. Moreover, sport is the best medium for men explore and define their masculinities (Booth 1997). As a famous Australian athlete, Ian Thorpe challenges the traditional Australian identity and upgraded to a level of resilience and positive worldview in modern Australian males. As Australia’s greatest Olympian, Ian Thorpe has won a number of national and international titles since his teenage years. He announced his retirement from the swimming field at the age of 26, as a multiple world champion winner and record breaker, Thorpe has set a fine role model and represent a strong Australian male figure in international press. Thorpe’s celebrity status as both world-renowned athlete and fashion icon has caused speculations that he might be homosexual. Despite the fact that Thorpe’s masculine physical appearance, the media still constantly portrays Thorpe’s sexual orientation based on his relationship with his male friends and his special interest in the fashion industry. Many considered Ian Thorpe’s media image does not fi. .rit allows him to bounce back from any setback† as an indication of toughness within an Australian male trait. From the information has been gathered in the three articles, Thorpe’s identity as an Australian male has not only being addressed from his physical appearance but most importantly stressed on his social activities and personal experiences, which to further reflected the Australian identity within Thorpe’s inner self rather than superficial action. In conclusion, the masculinity traits embedded within Australian identity among males has been refined and developed. It requires both physical appearance and social activities to truly fit into a mediated Australian identity. The stereotype of an Australian male identity has helped to define human condition and one’s cultural identity, which could lead an influential effect on the course of media analysis.

The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch

Summary of the main issues discussed in the article The study carried out by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch is aimed at analyzing and measuring the relations between business success, quality management, and service quality in German logistics companies. The authors argue that currently these organizations rely on price leadership in order to gain competitive advantage while quality component of their work is not fully emphasized (Kersten Kock 2010, p. 186).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their opinion, quality management can strongly contribute to the success of these companies. The authors discuss several important issues, in particular, the measurement of service quality in logistics companies and its overall effect on the functioning of these enterprises. The authors single out a set of criteria by which the work of logistics ser vices can be evaluated (Kersten Kock 2010, p 188). Secondly, they examine the effects of various quality management techniques like employee development, leadership commitment, or continuous improvement on the quality of logistics services. Finally, the scholars examine the impacts of service quality on business success. From their standpoint, the results derived in the course of the study can be of practical use to quality managers. This paper will present a detailed critique of this research article. Contribution of the article to the understanding of quality management principles The main contribution of this article is that it shows how service quality can be decomposed into several elements or dimensions. On the basis of this classification managers will be able to better apply quality management techniques. It should be noted that Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch single out three essential components of quality service: 1) potential, 2) processes, and 3) outcomes (2010, p. 188). To a great extent they rely on the ideas of Avedis Donabedian (1980) who also worked on the assessment of quality. In this case, the term â€Å"potential† refers to organizational resources, its qualifications and capabilities (Kersten Kock 2010, p. 188). In turn, such component as process can be explained as the main internal activities of the company, and especially their interactions with their clients. Finally, such element as outcome is primarily related to the lead time, delivery of goods and their conditions (2010, p. 188). To a great extent, this article has helped me better understand the concept of quality when it is applied to service organizations like logistics companies. Furthermore, if it is slightly modified, this classification can be applied to many service companies not only logistics firms. Yet, the most important thing is that these authors establish a set of criteria that enables managers to evaluate the work of service organizations. Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch distinguish such standards as reliability of employees, adherence to security regulations, the time required to react to the queries of the customer, responsiveness, delivery correctness, and so forth (2010, p. 194).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, the authors relied on the works of other scholars, especially Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry who introduced quality measurement tools (1994). On the whole, this article has enabled me to systematize my knowledge of quality evaluation. It is also possible for me to say that this article only emphasized some of the things of which I was aware of. Namely, it has demonstrated that quality should or even must be assessed from customers’ perspective. Each of the criteria identified by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch is closely related to the clients and their perceptions. This research indicates that custo mer focus has to be the main quality management principle if they want to remain competitive and retain customers who are the key to the survival of logistics firms. Overall, with the help of this article I have been able to extend my knowledge of quality management. Most importantly, this study has shown to me this element of performance can be decomposed and evaluated. Hence, this article really increased my understanding of quality management principles. It has been useful from theoretical and practical points of view. The relation between the article and quality theory This study is related to quality theory in several important ways. First of all, this discipline strives to single out various elements of this concept (Pfeifer 2002, p. 12). This is one of the tasks that Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch attempt to accomplish. The thing is that such concept as quality is very difficult to decompose into separate elements. Its structure will depend upon the type of organization and it s activities. The study that is being discussed examines quality in a very narrow context, namely, logistics companies. One should bear in mind that quality dimensions vary in different organizations (Basu 2004, p. 5). This study eloquently illustrates this argument. In addition, modern science tries to find ways of measuring or quantifying quality (Pfeifer 2002, p. 12). Similarly these authors also measure quality by numerical means. Certainly, one should also speak about the use of quality management techniques or practical applications of quality theory. One of the purposes of the given study is to measure the effectiveness of such practices or approaches as employee orientation, process management, leadership commitment, or continuous improvement ((Kersten Kock 2010, p 192). Thus, one can say that these scholars work towards one of the most fundamental purposes of quality theory which is the improvement of services or products. These are the main connections between these study and quality theory.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main findings of the study and their applications On the whole, the research conducted by Kersten and Koch has produced several important findings. First, existing quality management do contribute to the improvement of logistics companies. These researches identified a statistically significant relation between each practices and internal processes within the companies and their organizational resources. In other words, their finding indicate that quality management practices facilitate order completion process, reduce reaction time, and prompt workers to comply with safety regulations (Kersen Koch, 2010, p. 196). However, the scholars also point out that these initiatives do not always improve the outcomes such as delivery correctness or condition of goods (2010, p. 196). In par t, these results can be explained by the fact that logistics companies cannot exercise full control over force-majeure circumstances, traffic congestions. Besides, one should take into account that these organizations often cooperate with many subcontractors or third-parties and it is not always possible to monitor their work (Gudehus Kotzab 2009, p. 11). This is one of the reasons why quality management initiatives do not always affect outcomes. The results might have been different if Kersten and Koch focused only on those companies which can closely monitor the work of their subcontractors. Apart from that, Kersten and Koch believe that service quality is conducive to business success (2010, p. 197). However, they do specify how exactly they measure business success. The notion can refer to the profitability of an enterprise, its customer retention rates, or other criteria. This is the main limitation of their research. Additionally, one should keep in mind that the researchers examined only German logistics firms, and at this point it is not known whether these results can be applied to other countries or regions. As Kersten and Koch say an international survey of logistics firms must be carried out to validate the results. At this point, the findings cannot be viewed as definitive. Overall, their findings have many practical implications. First, the tools that they have developed can be used by the managers who work in service organizations. It has to be admitted that these methods cannot be applied to any service companies since they were originally designed for the needs of logistics companies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, practitioners of quality management can benefit from their ideas by decomposing quality into separate categories like potential, processes, and outcomes. Most importantly, with the help of similar assessment tools they can measure the effectiveness of different quality management practices. Still, the primary beneficiaries of this study can be logistics companies. As it has been noted before, these organizations rely on cost leadership, rather than quality leadership. The approach recommended by the authors will enable such companies to better retain customers and reduce their expenses. It is quite possible to assume that this study will soon give rise to further research that will also focus on international companies. References Basu, R, 2004, Implementing quality: a practical guide to tools and techniques : enabling the power of operational excellence. Cengage Learning, NY. Donabedian, A 1980, The Definition of Quality and Approaches to its Assessment, Health Administrat ion Press, Ann Arbor, MI. Gudehus, T Kotzab, H 2009 ‘Comprehensive logistics’, Springer, NY. Kersten, W Koch, J 2010 ‘The effect of quality management on the service quality and business success of logistics service providers’. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol, 27, no, 2, pp 185-200. Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1994), ‘Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: implications for further research’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, no. 1, p. 111-124. Pfeifer, T 2002, Quality management, Hanser Verlag, Cincinnati. This report on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch was written and submitted by user Hugo Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cystic Fibrosis essays

Cystic Fibrosis essays About 1 out of 201 Caucasian people carries at least one of the fatal defective genes that cause cystic fibrosis, CF, or mucoviscidosis (in Europe) although carriers don't show any signs of the disease. Therefore, 10 million2 people carry the defective gene and aren't aware of it. Consequently, it makes it one of the most common genetic defect in the United States. CF is a autosomal recessive gene. That means that it may, but doesn't always skip generations. In order to get this disease, both parents must be carriers. If one parent has CF and the other one is not a carrier than there is a 100% chance that their child will be a carrier. If one parent has CF and the other is a carrier than the child has a 50% chance of having CF and a 50% chance of just being a carrier. If both parents are carriers than their child will have a 25% of having CF, a 50% chance of being a carrier and a 25% chance of not being affected. CF is common in both males and females, there is not a specific sex that it is more common in. How does a person know if they have CF? There are many symptoms to this deadly disease including: salty tasting skin, constant coughing, large amounts of mucus, trouble gaining weight, frequent greasy, foul smelling bowel, growths in the nose (nasal polyps) and clubbed or enlarged fingertips and toe tips is another symptom. Now there are many tests that can be done to find put if a person has CF. One way which CF can be detected is to observe the symptoms. A person doesn't need to have all the symptoms in order to have cystic fibrosis, but they usually show most of them. Another way are different genetic testing. Doctors can now do genetic testing for CF, but about 10 years ago they couldn't. In 1989, the location where the of the defective gene on chromosome number 7 is was discovered by Francis S. Collins from University of Michigan. Tests can now be taken to see if an unborn child is infected with CF such tests are amnioce...

Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation

Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation By definition, an exoskeleton is a skeleton on the outside of the body. One example of an exoskeleton is the hard outer covering that makes up the skeleton of many insects. However, today there is a new invention that claims the name of exoskeleton. Exoskeletons for human performance augmentation is a new type of body army being developed for soldiers that will significantly increase their capacity. An exoskeleton will allow you to carry more without feeling the weight, and move faster too. History of Exoskeleton General Electric developed the first exoskeleton device in the 1960s. Called the Hardiman, it was a hydraulic and electrical body suit, however, it was too heavy and bulky to be of military use. Currently, exoskeleton development is being done by DARPA under their Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation Program lead by Dr. John Main. DARPA began phase I of the exoskeleton program in 2001. Phase I contractors included Sarcos Research Corporation, University of California, Berkeley, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DARPA selected two contractors to enter the program’s second phase in 2003, Sarcos Research Corporation and the University of California, Berkeley. The program’s final phase, which began in 2004, is being conducted by the Sarcos Research Corporation and focuses on development of a fast-moving, heavily armored, high-power lower and upper body system. Sarcos Research Corporation The Sarcos exoskeleton being developed for DARPA utilizes a number of technological innovations, including. A combustion-based driver to support advanced hydraulic actuators that produce robotic limb movements with very high strength, speed, bandwidth, and efficiency; and,A control system that allows the operator to move naturally, unencumbered and without additional fatigue, while the exoskeleton carries the payload. Application-specific packages can be attached to the exoskeleton. These packages could include mission-specific supplies, protective outer coverings capable of operation in extreme threat and weather conditions, various electronic systems, weapons, or supplies and instrumentation for medical support and surveillance. The exoskeleton could also be used to move material in places inaccessible to vehicles, on board ships, and where forklifts are not available.

ARGUMENTATIVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ARGUMENTATIVE - Essay Example Recently a man took out a billboard saying his ex-girlfriend was a murderer for aborting his child. The man had no legal recourse to make his ex-girlfriend to carry his child to term. Fathers have no say in whether a child can be born or aborted. If a woman decides to have a child, the man is stuck paying child support. This is considered to be his responsibility for creating a child. Men that do not want a child cannot request for their mate to have an abortion. They are stuck with the child. It is considered that the man played he should pay. Women are not held to the same standard. If a woman plays, she can abort the child and not pay. This does not seem fair. Another aspect of this issue is because a woman can decide what to do with her body she can drink, take drugs, or have an unhealthy lifestyle. If a baby is born on crack, has birth a defect due to drugs or alcohol, or other problems, the man still has to pay. A man with a good job, health insurance, or money will have to fund the child for life. The woman’s decision will dictate the man’s finances and time without his input. The baby will also either go directly into the man’s custody or state custody. The man will have no choice in the matter. Birth defects can also be another issue. If a woman wants to abort a Down syndrome baby, a baby with heart problems, or other defects the man has no choice. However, if the woman decides to have the baby, the man once again has to pay. A woman choses whether or not to bring an afflicted baby into the world. One way to rectify this injustice is to allow men to have an input on abortions. This solution is not viable. The Supreme Court ruling in ‘Roe vs. Wade’ made clear that a woman’s body is her own. A man cannot force a woman to carry his child. This is not medieval times. A man having input into an abortion is not legal under the law. It probably would not become legal. This solution would not work. Another solution would be to

It is up to you Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

It is up to you - Coursework Example The main components of syuzhet, often translated as plot or the presentation of the story, include actions, scenes and episodes and their distribution in such a way that these make sense and are interconnected, providing ease to understanding of audience. Mostly the syuzhet articulated in good films and dramas are those which describe exposition of characters, dispute, climax and ending of the story. Exposition of characters may be sometimes delayed and distributed across the whole film. Artists usually design syuzhet in such a way that it grasps attention of audience, and strengthens the gaps between cause-effect chains of a fabula. The syuzhets that provide knowledge about the characters such as family, location, profession, values, and class, among others, are usually selected. Events which seems expalinatory and communicative, are usually implied when designing syuzhet’s presentation of fabula, thereby interlinking the events seprated on a temporal or spatial scale. Provid ing details regarding main events and characters through syuzhet in a film untangle the complexity of fabula, grab the interest of audience and increase their curiosity about the end of story. Bordwell, David: Principles of narration. In: Philip Simpson ... [et al.] (eds.): Film theory: critical concepts in media and cultural studies. Vol. 2. London [etc.]: Routledge, 2004, 5. 245-267. [Ursprà ¼nglich in: David Bordwell: Narration in the fiction film. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, 5.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Essay Example for Free

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Essay Through the years, America has made an overall improvement in eliminating discrimination, inequality and slavery and focusing more on inclusion, equal rights, and equal opportunity. Despite a considerable improvement, there are corporations and individuals that often revert to archaic means of treating employees, creating hostile environments. Consequently, different advocacy groups and laws still remain in effect and continue to evolve to protect the citizens and non-citizens of the USA. Overview of the EEOC’s Function  One particular group that exists to protect the employee is the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The EEOC â€Å"is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. (Overview, para. 1)† The EEOC is committed to holding employers accountable for benefiting from the modern day enslavement of workers from other countries. Their job is to ensure that all workers foreign and those of the U. S. , are protected under the law and have the right to complain of such employment abuses which damage the foundation of our society. Compliance Issue and Lawsuit Background The article I chose involves a US company that trafficked over 200 Thai males to work for Global Horizons, Inc. , a Beverly Hills based farm labor contractor working alongside eight farms between 2003 and 2007. The individuals were falsely informed that they would have access to high paying jobs with temporary visas allowing them to live and work in the US. Once here, the individuals realized this was a lie and quickly experienced harassment, abuse, intimidation, and unequal pay. The employers threatened to deport them if they complained of the mistreatment. In addition, the employees were forced to live in housing infested with rats and insects (Carter, 2011). They were forced to sleep in tight quarters and some didn’t even have a bed. The Thai workers had all of their identification removed from their possession; the employees were left defenseless. Eventually, the Thai Community Development Center of Los Angeles brought victims to the EEOC to file charges of discrimination. The EEOC argued that Global Horizons engaged in a pattern or practice of national origin and race discrimination, harassment, and retaliation, which violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (EEOC, 2011). The EEOC sought back pay, compensatory and punitive damages on behalf of the victims, as well as injunctive relief intended to prevent further abuses at the companies and farms. This would uncover the cruel actions by Global Horizons and the farms for which they were employing these individuals. These farms, such as Del Monte Fresh Produce and Green Acre Farms, suffered reputation scrutiny and possible loss of profit after such discoveries. The EEOC’s Role The EEOC’s role in this lawsuit was to hold the employer accountable for benefiting from modern day enslavement so that companies could be aware of the ramifications of conducting such business. The EEOC first attempted to reach a pre-litigation settlement, and then filed the lawsuit in the U. S. District Court for the District of Hawaii. After no success, the EEOC quickly filed lawsuits in the U. S. District Court for the District of Hawaii and the U. S. District Court of the Eastern District of Washington. Social Impact This type of lawsuit promotes social change by making companies aware of the repercussions expected if such behavior is conducted in the United States towards citizens or non-citizens. Human trafficking is a modern day form of slavery and while it still continues to exist in modern business America, it is imperative that companies are made aware of the consequences they may subjected to should they choose to engage in such tactics. These types of lawsuits also promote healthy laws and advocate groups pushing for tougher laws so that employers cannot get away with such atrocities. It also makes employees aware of similar environments where they can quickly recognize if they find themselves in similar situations and who to go to for help. Businesses will do whatever it takes to make higher profits and quite often, they turn to illegal conduct thinking they may get away without consequence. Article Comparison In reviewing my article, I also compared it to an article from the internet published by CNN. Both articles seemed to have similarities by providing the same details and information as discussed in the EEOC article. After searching through several other articles, most included the same information as that provided by the EEOC. Management Perspective If I were a senior manager of Global Horizons, Inc. I would place tighter requirements upon hiring individual to conduct the contracting work. I would consider placing those individuals in the contracting positions in training classes to make them aware of what to do in the event they are faced with this type of situation. Because of the nature of the business involving labor work, I would enforce tighter regulations, initiate reviews, monitoring and would become more involved to avoid mistreatment of individuals. Managers and supervisors would be required to attend courses that stress inclusion, diversity, and harassment. All other employees would be required to attend the same courses, but these courses would also include information on how to report violations. Conclusion I believe that members of management from Global Horizons chose to keep quiet to reap the benefits of cheap labor. There is no excuse to have such behavior in today’s society after all the issues we have all faced as a country. Some improvement has been achieved but it is evident that there is more to be accomplished. Thanks to groups such as the EEOC, citizens and non-citizens can rest assured that there is protection available in the event of mistreatment.

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Genetics Science Papers

The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is one of the most widely discussed topics in genetics today. The United States human genome project began in 1990, when the $3 billion dollar project to map 3 billion DNA base pairs was announced.(4) When the initial funding was provided, it was anticipated that the project would require 15 years to complete and the target date for completion was 2005.(8) Recent technological advances have shortened that time period, and it is now estimated that the program will be complete by 2003.(1) The program now has been expanded to an international effort involving research facilities in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. There are also several private companies that are sequencing the genome also. The majority of the funding for the United States human genome project has come from the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the National Institute of Health (NIH). The objective of the project is t o create a DNA sequence library for a representative sample of the human genome. Such a reference library would prove to be priceless from a research standpoint, as well as an applied perspective. This library will aid in the identification of specific mutations which cause a distinct disorder or disease. If the normal base pair can be inserted in place of the abnormal one, gene therapy could become a reality. Along with this new technology comes several problems, both technical and ethical. The ethical issues play a major role in the use and possible implications of this technology. A special committee was formed to evaluate these ethical issues and to make recommendations regarding them. This committee was given the tit... ... http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/04bacend.html 5. U.S. Dept. of Energy. Human Genome News. "Five years of Progress in the Human Genome Project", Obtained from the WWW 09/07/99: 12/95: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/hgn/v7n3/04progre.html 6. UNESCO. The Gene Letter. "UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, July 1997", Obtained from the WWW 09/07/99:07/99: http://www.geneletter.org/0398/UNESCO.htm 7. U.S. Dept. of Energy. Human Genome Project: "Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project", Obtained from the WWW 08/31/99: 08/31/99: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/HumanGenome/resource/elsi.html 8. U.S. Dept. of Energy. Human Genome News. "U.S. HGP on Fast Track for Early Completion", Obtained from the WWW 8/31/99:2/1/99: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/01goals.html

Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Essay

†¢ Throughout most of U.S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? White Americans are the majority in every region, but comprise the highest proportion of the population in the Midwestern United States. Hispanic Whites make up 79% of the Midwest’s population, the highest ratio of any region. However, 35% of White Americans whether all White Americans or non-Hispanic/Latino only live in the South, the most of any region. The common ancestral background being European. Another statistic shows that White Americans are the majority in forty-nine of the fifty states, with Hawaii as the exception. The District of Columbia, which is not a state, also has a non-white majority †¢ What are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group? There are 3 major examples of minority groups who came to the United States under similar circumstances and for similar reasons. These racial groupings come from Asia, Africa and Central America. Each of these groups come from countries undergoing a great deal of turmoil (Africa being subjugated under colonialism, China under imperial rule, and central america undergoing a terror in the form drug cartels undermining the government and the government repressing the citizenry as a result). Each became a more notable minority when they were able to move beyond being a source of inexpensive labour and a large proportion of the migrant population gain citizenship and become enfranchised (gain the right to vote). †¢ In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. These laws were intended against which racial minorities? †¢ In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination? Affirmative action of the courts and prison systems which discriminates against Blacks and Hispanics, gives them 20% longer sentences, targets their neighborhoods, racially profiles, weakens minority neighborhoods electorally, created the culture of fatherless homes as a reaction to the Civil Rights Movement, fills prisons with low-level offenders for petty drug offenses, with illegal searches and in some states; where those crimes have been decriminalized anyways and disproportionately targets minority youths in instances where white youths would be dealt with informally. SOURCES:

Multi-Layered Security Plan Essay

Protecting sensitive or confidential data is paramount in many businesses. In the event such information is made public, businesses may face legal or financial ramifications. At the very least, they will suffer a loss of customer trust. In most cases, however, they can recover from these financial and other losses with appropriate investment or compensation Having information of different security levels on the same computer systems poses a real threat. It is not a straight-forward matter to isolate different information security levels, even though different users log in using different accounts, with different permissions and different access controls (Red Hat, Inc. 2006). Below I have listed the IT infrastructure of Richman Investments along with recommendations in each infrastructure on levels of security that should be implemented for a more secure network. IT Infrastructure Affected 1. User Domain: The people who access an organization’s information system. * The first thing that should be implemented is a mandatory Computer Security training session to educate the users on the proper use of work computers. 2. Workstation Domain: Users (most) connecting to the IT infrastructure. * The workstation domain comes with its own problems such as unauthorized access to the system, the way to fix this problem would be to implement access policies and guidelines. 3. LAN Domain: A collection of computers connected to one another or to a common connection medium. * Implement second or third level identity check to gain access to sensitive systems, applications, and date. Keep all hardware in a secure location with access only with proper ID. 4. LAN-to-WAN Domain: Link between the Wide Area Network (WAN) and the Internet. * Conduct post configuration penetration tests of the layered security solution within the LAN-to-WAN Domain. Test inbound and outbound traffic and fix any gaps. Also, apply e-mail server and attachments antivirus and e-mail quarantining for unknown file types. Stop domain-name Web site access based on content-filtering policies. 5. WAN Domain: Wide Area Network (WAN) connects remote locations to the Local Area Network (LAN). * Encrypt confidential data transmissions through service provider WAN using VPN tunnels. 6. Remote Access Domain: Connects remote users to the organization’s IT infrastructure. * Remote Access Domain, Being that the users are off site it is hard to say that the users password information has not been compromised. In such cases when abnormalities are spotted or data is accessed without proper authorization, data should be completely encrypted to prevent any sensitive materials from being sold or presented to the open market. 7. System/Application Domain- Holds all the mission-critical systems, applications, and data. * Develop a business continuity plan for mission-critical applications providing tactical steps for maintaining availability of operations. Perform regular rigorous software and Web-application testing and penetration testing prior to launch.

The Life and World of Al Capone Essays

The Life and World of Al Capone Essays The Life and World of Al Capone Essay The Life and World of Al Capone Essay Capons had a leading role in the illegal activities that gave Chicago its reputation as a lawless itty. The author has written an intriguing book and provides adequate details but doesnt really provide an augment he Is Just summarizing the life and world of AY Capons. John Cobbler used hundreds of reliable sources when writing this book most of them were secondary sources but he did have some primary as well. He Interviewed many people Including Capons cellmates, doctors, lawyers, friends, and other acquaintances that prefer to remain anonymous. Some of his secondary sources are investigative files from the internal revenue service (IRS) about Capons and other fosters that had never before been released to the public. The Federal burial of Investigation turned over invaluable documents to him as well. He also used many books, articles, and pamphlets. He used all of these sources to present his thesis and to tell the life story of AY Capons. John Cobbler was born In Mount Vernon, N. Y. , and graduated In 1931 from Williams college. He worked for various news organizations as a reporter for many years he later served in World War II as a civilian intelligence officer. He returned from war to write for The New Yorker, Colliers, Vanity Fair and The Saturday Evening Post. Then shortly after began to write non fiction books mostly biographies The author, John Cobbler, did an excellent Job writing this book. The title, The Life and World Of AY Capons, really sums it up. Not only was this an extremely factual book it was very interesting to read. He had a pretty easy to follow writing style. Their were some parts of the book that were a little harder to follow than other but It wasnt too bad. Sometimes he would use language from the time period and Mafia terms that I didnt understand. One thing I thought was a flaw in his writing style was hat every time someone new was introduced he went into to much detail about that person. Their were whole chapters where Capons would rarely If ever be mentioned. Chose a book about AY Capons not everyone else in his life.. I would recommend this book for anyone. Its perfect for people interested in American history, the mafia, AY Capons, the prohibition area, or many of the other topics covered In the book. Its k for anyone new to these topic but Its great for someone with some prior knowledge on the topic or some one looking for a great 1 OFF source Tort a project Nine KICK Is a D t lengthy Ana goes Into great detail so you snout be interested in the topic. personally feel that this book does a very good Job of explaining the details of AY Capons life and the time era in which he lived. I believe that everyone that has the chance should read this book because it is very entertaining and interesting. Surface The nickname, Surface, came after an incident at the inn where AY worked. He waited on a young couple. The girl was beautiful He said, honey you have a nice ass and I mean that as a complement the man with her was her brother. They got into a fight and the man pulled out a knife and cut Capons faces three times (circumscribe. Com 6). Alphorns Surface Capons is Americas most famous gangster and founder of organized crime as modern society knows it. AY Capons became a multi-millionaire and a legend by feeding a citys appetite for liquor, prostitution, and gambling. Capons had two different sides to him, on one hand he was a brutal killer, and on the other, a loving father and family man. Capons had a leading role in the illegal activities that gave Chicago its reputation as a lawless city. One thing many people mistake about the mobsters of this time period is that they were Italian. This may be true for some mobsters but is very untrue when it comes to Alphorns Capons. This infamous man is 100% domestic (circumscribe. Com 1). In 1906, Asss father Gabriel became a citizen of the U. S. A. At home, AY and his family would always go by their Italian names but on the outside world, they would go by their adopted American names Alphorns became AY (circumscribe. Com 2). Capons family was a normal family; they were not dishonest, violent, or disturbed. There was o traumatic event that hurdled their boy in to a life of crime (circumscribe. Com 2). When AY was only 11 years old he was taught petty crimes by the Junior gang he was a part of to prepare him for more serve crimes (The Life and Times of AY Capons 9). AY later became a member of the Forty Thiefs Juniors Gang a Junior branch of the Five Points Gang (The Life and Times of AY Capons 9). When AY turned 14 he was expelled from school. Teachers in school were often not much older then the students, fights were often between faculty and students. AY was expelled for hitting his teacher back, after being disciplined (circumscribe. Com 3). At the time AY was expelled, he was already an experienced fighter; he also learned how to use weapons. At the age of 14, AY Capons chose a life in the streets over a life in a factory (The Life and Times of AY Capons 9). AY was first introduced to gangs by a Brooklyn hoodlum, he was a friend of Giovanni Anyone) Torrid, and his name was Frankie Yale. When Capons was 16 he began helping Frankie run prostitution, gambling, and extortion businesses.. AY met one of the biggest influences in his life through Frankie, Johnny Torrid circumscribe. Com 9). Torrid was a completely new type of mobster; he single handedly transformed regular every day racketeering into more of a crime enterprise. (circumscribe. Com 4) A young Capons learned invaluable lessons that were the foundation of the criminal empire from Torrid (circumscribe. Com 4). At the age of 21 Capons was invited to Join Torrid in Chicago, IL. He would be a prominent voice in the Colossal Mob (FBI. Gob NP).. Chicago was a town set up for corruption, Chicago was often know as, The wickedest city in the U.

Back To School Icebreakers, Worksheets, and Resources

Back To School Icebreakers, Worksheets, and Resources There are lots of fun resources to get your school year started. For more ideas, especially classroom management tools, check out the Back to School Toolkit. Icebreaker Worksheets These worksheets give your students lots of things to think about, lots of things to share with their classmates and opportunities to consider the kind of year they are going to have. Be sure you also plan some time for collaboration, opportunities for students to compare their answers and perhaps starting doing some grouping of their own.  Ã‚   Getting to Know You, Scavenger Hunts, IcebreakersSolving Math Problems Worksheets3 Getting to Know You Worksheets Classroom Management These resources also include articles with ideas for building classroom structure, routines and a comprehensive plan for classroom management.  The first sheet may even help your students help you formulate the routines your classroom will need to run efficiently.   Teaching Rules and RoutinesCreating a Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan12 Behavior Contracts That WorkCreating a Comprehensive Classroom Management PlanYou Can Handle Them All- Tattletales, Bullies, Aggression- Here’s How IEP Help As a special educator, IEPs will always have to have a place near the top of the list.  These resources should help you prepare your classroom and build the infrastructure that will support your students needs. Parts of an IEPBehavioral Components of an IEP

Spanish and French Baroque Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spanish and French Baroque - Research Paper Example Paintings of the Baroque style show a kind of dynamism, in contrast to the static mood of the Renaissance. They achieve a sense of movement by placing the composition along the diagonal, instead of the vertical. The paintings of the age were infused with the vitality and vigor, which had taken hold of Europe after the counterreformation. Landscape was treated as an adjunct to the primary figural subject and served as merely the background. In fresco decoration it appeared as an â€Å"ornamental interlude† in opposition to the main figures. The artists of the Baroque era took the landscape and â€Å"endowing it with a new grandeur† pushed the details and incidents to the realms of secondary objects. This style of painting was marked by Pastoral themes, and the artist tried to recreate Virgil’s Arcadia as the locus amoenus (pleasant place), where shepherds could lead the days in otium (leisurely) pursuits. Baroque works of art stressed upon the idea of creating ple asurable emotions but without any vulgarity, and keeping it â€Å"simple and natural’ based on the concept of les biensà ©ances (decorum). The Classical landscapes of the Baroque age painting, is marked by vast open spaces, with an architectural structure, usually a dilapidated fort or castle, which is placed there so as to â€Å"order the landscape through a symmetrical placement of geometricized forms.’ The Baroque style was practiced predominantly in Catholic countries of Europe, and so, many of the important pieces of art can be traced to Spain and France.

Executive Pay Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Executive Pay - Case Study Example The roles involved range from setting the goals, planning, overseeing to implementation (He, Mahoney and Wang 302). The size of the company should compensate the managers for all their contributions to the company. Among the inducements as He, Mahoney and Wang indicate include the reasonable compensation packages to the managers, and ownership of the management process (302). This will automatically motivate the managers to perform. So as to control the relationship so that it suits the interest of the shareholders, it is recommended that the managers and the stakeholders build their rapport (He, Mahoney and Wang 302-6). This will ease the compensation process considering the kind of effort the managers put in the organisation. The managers will in turn make propositions that will favor the shareholders through meeting the set goals of the organization. The acquired profits will be distributed reasonably among the involved stakeholders. He, Jinyu. Mahoney, Joseph and Wang, Heli. â€Å"Firm capability, corporate governance and competitive behaviour: a multi-theoretic framework†, Int. J. Strategic Change Management, 1.4(2009):293 – 318.

Overview of Telecommunications Sector in Kuwait Article

Overview of Telecommunications Sector in Kuwait - Article Example This has worked against Wataniya Telecom, for example, the company had to drop charges on incoming calls. In early 2009, there was a shift from mobile-to-mobile calls because charges for calling from fixed lines to mobile were abolished. This has resulted in the APRU levels declining and tighter competition prompting consumer price reduction. Telecoms revenues dropped to KD475.5m ($1.66bn) in 2009 from KD476m ($1.66bn) in 2008 though there was a 31.4% increase in net profits from KD82.4m ($288m) in 2008 to KD108.3m ($378.5m), 2009 (Business Management International 2010) Even as prices go down, the Telecommunications sector in the country is experiencing elasticity and is expecting further growth in subscriptions. There has also been an increased use of cell phones due to lower tariffs. This puts the sector in position to make up for the reduced revenue through increased utilisation of value-added services. The main focus in this sector now is the increase of broadband and mobile int ernet services. One telecommunications company in this sector, Wataniya’s recently acquired revenues of about 43%, and is a very important revenue generator for the country. At the end of 2009, some other companies in the sector were also very profitable. Telecom held 39% of the Kuwait market as compared to 15% for Viva and 46% for Zain, which are all companies in Kuwait telecommunications sector. Telecom also took about 30% of the new telecommunications subscriptions, as compared to 61% for Viva. The Telecommunications sector in Kuwait bundles its services, unlike other telecommunication companies. However, they sell handsets separately except for Blackberry and iPhone which are under promotion. Customers are given Blackberry and iPhone handsets for free after acquiring a pre-paid subscription and operating on pay-as-you-go basis. This has led to increased usage of mobile internet, therefore, a source for revenue from non-voice services.  

Personality Tests in Recruitment

Personality Tests in Recruitment Personality Test Personality test are frequently used to access the potential of the candidate such as conscientiousness experience optimism, stress tolerance, emotional stabilty, extraversion and proactive. These few personality test are very important and are required needs when they want to be successfull in their performance, when they are having interpersonal interaction in team setting. Pros of personality test There are many diffrent advantages of personality test. The reason why the organization have this test is that they are able to reduce the business cost and also the outcome by identifying the candidate for hireing, promoting and training. This test are conducted by the administrate via paper and pencil or computerized method. The organization are able to carefully select candidate that are pontential in the interpersonal interaction with the team setting, which enable the company to progress in business. Moreover it is one way to cost effective and does not require skill administrator. Cons of personality test Normally personality test question based on behaviour, cognitions and needs, all received only a single score. The scoring system may eliminate the option for alternate interpretation to the answer given. When grouping all the different combination of behaviour and needs, sometime this can lead to misinterpreted. Another problem is self knowledge aspect of the objective exam can be faked. Since not all question and answer given can match the test maker exactly there are not able to elaborate their answer and it can be quite frustrating and inaccurate. In conclusion, one assessment alone can be used, but it is much better to have a complete assessment program, in order to balance out the advantage and disadvantage for each personality assessment type. Biographical data Biographical data is very essential in this era of time and date. Technologies have become an important part of the business, having the knowledge of biographical data such as leadership, knowledge of software, interpersonal skill, tean work skill, knowledge of the job, creativity and many more can help the person to succeed futhur. Biographical data uses question about education, work experience, personality assessments of skill and interest to predit how the candidate can be successful on the job. Pros of biographical data Biographical data is also administrated by paper and pencil or computerized method because it can easily enlarge the numbers, moreover it reduce business cost and does not need administation skill. It is also less likely uses to diffrentiate in results by gender and race. Neverless it produce valid infrences of the organization outcome for example turnover and performance. This is one way identifying individuals for hire, promote, or training who needed skills and abilities. Cons of biographical data. The disadvantage of biographical data is that the candidate will try to project more positive decision outcome to impress the organisation thus this will be more difficult to understand how they actually are , for example it will be difficult to diffrentiate between the positively manage impression to the fake response. This interview conducted does not necessarly provide enough information for development feed back. For example one is enable to change the past and last not least it is time consuming to develop. Work sample Test Work sample test is the the future behavior observed under similar situations. There are three tests which are required to perform on the job. Pros of work samples The advantages of work samples, it has high reliability and it has high content of validity because it is a sample of the actual work to perform that particular job. Besides that, work samples has low adverse of impact because these test is viewed favorable by examinees than aptitude or personality tests. The most interesting part in these work sample test is if the applicants wants to fake job proficiency to increase the test score and performance on job, it is difficult. These tests uses equipment which is the same or to the original equipment used for the job. Cons of work samples It is costly to administer often only can be administered to one applicant at a time. Although the task and duties can be completed in a short period of time, however the test have less ability to predict performance on the job, when it can take day or week to complete. It will be difficult to measure the aptitude of an applicant, because it is unable to see whether the applicant is able to handle more difficult task when they are encountered with. Integrity test Integrity test is used to identify candidates who like to involes in antisocial at work, dishonesty and engage inappropriate behaviour. It is important for the organization to assess the attitude and experience such as candidates honesty, turstworthiness, dependability, reliability and prosocial behaviour. This is usally conducted with direct question regarding previous experiences such as ethnic and integrity also regarding preferences and interest about inferences of future behaviour. Pros of integrity test Integrity test is to make the candidates to understand the important of the coperate value. This test are also done via paper and pencil or computerize method, which is easily to large number. The test produce valid inference of organization of outcome, such as inventory shrinkage, difficulties in dealing with supervision, performance and others. Beside that it is not required any administration skill and it is cost effective. Futhurmore it does not relate in result to by gender and race than other types of test. This test also reduce the business cost by identifying individuals who like to absent or engage in other counter productive behavior. Cons of integrity test The disadvantage of integrity test is the candidate will try to project more positive decision outcome to impress the organization. In some cases the candidates may have difficulty or disliking to questions which are unrelated or intrusive to the job. This can be slightly difficult for the organization to diffrentiate from fake to actual response. Cognitive abilities test Cognitive abilities test is used to see onces abilities by using diffrent question or problems such as the abilities of reading, logic, reasoning and comprehensive mental abilities which leads to success in many diffrence kind of jobs. Pros in cognitive abilities test. By using this method the outcome of success of performance has increace and it is use by many organization. This is use especially for more specialized jobs. There are many various way to adminster these test for example by paper and pencil or computerized method. Most of the company use this method because it is cost effective and does not require skill administration. By using cognitive abilities test the company are able to reduce business cost as there are not easily influents by the test taker to impress the manager on fake responce. When ever a company wishes to promote, hire or train a person there are able to make a decision according to their skill and abilities. Cons in cognitive abilities test. Cons for cognitive test are that there will always be different answer or result by various person or race. As such it is always time consuming in picking out the right candidates for the job. The organization will have to carefully verify all the result and choose according to specific job, that they wish to assign the person before making the final and right decision.

Essay on The Crucible: The Concept of Conscience :: Essay on The Crucible

The Crucible:   The Concept of Conscience Conscience is the awareness of right and wrong. In The Crucible, the idea of conscience in strongly emphasized. Miller himself said, "No critic seemed to sense what I was after [which was] the conflict between a man’s raw deeds and his conception of himself; the question of whether conscience is in fact an organic part of the human being, and what happens when it is handed over not merely to the state or the mores of the time but to one’s friend or wife." The idea of conscience in the play The Crucible is based very much on Christian concepts, firstly the idea of morality, or conscience of right and wrong, secondly the idea of the confession of sin, and finally the idea of guilt and penance for sins. Conscience, then, as an issue of morality, is defined very clearly at the start of the play. "†¦a minister is the Lord’s man in the parish; a minister is not to be so lightly crossed and contradicted" says Parris in Act One. Here it is established that theologically the minister, in this case, Parris, is supposed to be the ultimate decider of morality in Salem. The Church, in theocratic Massachusetts, defines conscience. Right and wrong is decided by authority, and the authority here is the Church. Law is based on the doctrines of the Church, and Salem is a theocracy.   "For good purposes, even high purposes, the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunity†¦but all organization is and must be grounded on the idea of exclusion and prohibition, just as two objects cannot occupy the same space. Evidently the time came in New England when the repressions of order were heavier than seemed warranted by the dangers against which the order was organized." So firstly Salem was a place where the conscience of the people was strictly governed by the theocracy, and socially Salem was repressive. However, at the start of the book, we see that the people of Salem have already begun to strain under this strict idea of conscience, this repression. Abigail says to John, "I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes?

Issues and Ideas in Social Welfare (4 Article Basis)

In this paper, I will discuss issues and ideas related to social welfare. They are found and outlined in the following articles: â€Å"Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising† written by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), â€Å"The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better† written by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, â€Å"The Canadian dream is well within Reach† written by Amelia Karabegovic and Charles Lammam, and â€Å"Tackling Inequality Now† written by Sherri Torjman and Ken Battle†.I will also present my view against or for each article that is discussed. In the first article, â€Å"Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising†, we are presented with a negative outlook towards the future of Canada’s society. OECD informs us of a growing division between the rich and the poor that continues to widen, not only in Canada, but in many countries over the world. The OECD (20 11) states that in well-off economies, â€Å"the richest 10% of the population is about nine times that of the poorest 10%† (p. ). One of the largest causes of income inequality comes from wages and salaries. Those who are classified as high income earners increase their salaries at a faster rate than those classified as low income earners. A contribution to the increase in income inequality is the technological progression. Workers who are highly skilled benefit with an increase in technology, allowing those with higher education and skill to further their income. Another is the tax and benefit systems.The tax and benefit systems are introduced with tighter rules that do not help or favour the lowest income groups. To solve this inequality issue, OECD suggests that the best thing policy makers need to do is invest in human capital, promote employment, and create policies and tax systems that are supportive. OECD presents important points and suggestions for policy makers and governments in all countries. Though they may be hard to implement, the need for action increases as the divide between the rich and poor widens. Like the author, I agree with these principles.People, especially those in low income groups, need the support of the government through programs and policies. If these programs and policies were created but cannot help those who need it most, one may question why they are in place. To make them effective they may need to be changed or redistributed in a way that works. The next article, â€Å"The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better† provides readers with a distinctive view on how unequal societies create disadvantages and how these disadvantages create a greater inequality.In a study of 33 countries, a small connection was found between income inequality and homicide rates, but no connection was found between public spending on health and education. However, Wilkinson and Pickett shed light on an importa nt growing connection between income inequality and social dysfunction. The greater the inequality, the greater the need is for government intervention. It is easy to assume that the more unequal a society is, the more dysfunctional it may be. To make the most difference with the least well-off, greater equality is needed.Having an unequal society not only affects those in low income groups, but affects those on all levels. Those in well-off groups have the income and ability to spend more on consumer goods, allowing them to â€Å"vote† on what is being produced. As Wilkinson and Pickett said, government intervention is needed. Because they have the power to enforce new rules and regulations, the government should be able to regulate how equal a society should be and eliminate dysfunction when able. The third article, written by Amelia Karabegovic and Charles Lammam, enlightens us with a positive future for Canada.Their studies have found that many individuals start out in lo w income groups and then climb to the middle or high income groups. Low income jobs are meant to be short-term and a step towards a better paid job. Karabegovic and Lammam found that â€Å"†¦60% moved into a higher income group in one year, 79% did so after two, and nearly 90% after six. † (paragraph 7). Karabegovic and Lammam write with an optimistic attitude for Canada’s future. Though they describe low income groups as â€Å"stepping stones† to higher income jobs, this is not always the case.If greater inequality is rising, as it says in the previous articles, then those in low income groups may find it harder to find a job, or even one with a higher paying income. Yes, Canada’s dream may absolutely be attainable, but that comes after dealing with the difficult problems like poverty and inequality. This cannot be accomplished without hard work and the cooperation of all individuals. The last article, â€Å"Tackling Inequality Now† written b y Sherri Torjman and Ken Battle, was published on the Caledon Institute of Social Policy website in January of 2012.Torjman and Battle give readers a perspective to how a Canadian society is perceived today. They say the best way to start change is by recreating and reorganizing the different programs and systems that policy makers create. However, instead of moving society in a positive way, the federal government made expensive changes that moved in a negative direction. Especially during the recession and difficult economic seasons, the programs and policy choices that are meant to help failed to do so. Programs like the Working Income Tax Benefit and Employment Insurance were created to help, but did not provide support to those who needed it.Often, those in low income groups were not qualified for the programs provided. With the Working Income Tax Benefit program, the amount invested would barely make a difference. Torjman and Battle suggest that it is important for the governm ent to focus on bettering the Canada Child Tax Benefit and the Working Income Tax Benefit and to invest in education and work training. This article gives readers an honest insight to how the government and the public need to pay attention, improve, and change one of the main issues in society today – inequality.As previous articles mentioned, these issues are something Canada struggles to fix. I concur with many of the points Torjman and Battle make. It seems as though the government has the money to create, continue, and improve these social welfare projects and policies, but they are not using it in an efficient manner. Torjman and Battle hypothesize and conclude that if the government invested more money in the programs that did work and benefit others, Canada would be heading down a positive road.In conclusion, inequality has grown over the past years causing money to be spent continuously, but not always in the right places. It is easy to talk about changes and think ab out what can be improved, nevertheless making sure the change happens can be difficult. No one can succeed without the help of someone offering support. This idea of reaching out to each other and supporting those who need it most is what can be the start of changing inequality. Yes, the government plays a huge part in changing and shaping Canada’s society, but so do the Canadians.

Pilgrims Progress Short Form Essay

MAIN CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Christian is the main character, he has a simple personality. He represents just one aspect of the human experience: the search for religious truth. He is his faith (hence the name) his motivation, the search for salvation in the celestial city, is the one aspect that clearly defines him. Apollyon is the antagonist, he has a physical irregularity that displays his evil. Apollyon is a hybrid being, part dragon, bear, human, and fish, the air associated with his wings, the fire linked with dragons and the earth that bears live on. These combination convey his immense power, suggesting that he draws power from all parts of the universe, his nature is complex, the exact opposite of Christians extreme simplicity. MINOR CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Evangelist- the messenger carrying the gospel, or the word of Christ, to Christian he spurs Christian on his journey to the celestial city. Obstinate- a neighbor of Christian in the city of destruction who refuses to accompany him. Pliable- A neighbor if Christians who accompanies him for a while. After falling though the slough of Despond , Pliable is discouraging and returns home, only to be mocked by the townsfolk. Help- Fellow pilgrim who helps pull Christian from the Slough of Despond. Worldly Wiseman- A reasonable and practical man whom Christian encounters early in his journey Worldly Wiseman tries unsuccessfully to urge Christian to give up his religious foolishness and live a content secular life. Formalist- A traveler whom Christian meets along the wall of Salvation. With his hypocrisy, Formalist sneaks over the wall, instead of following the straight and narrow as Christian did. Hypocrisy- Formalist’s travel companion Discretion- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Discretion takes Christian and feeds him. Piety- one of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Piety asks Christian about his journey so far. Prudence- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Prudence tries to understand Christian’s purpose in traveling to Mount Zion Charity- One of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Charity asks Christian why he did not bring his family, which causes him to weep. The Interpreter- Spiritual guide who shelters Christian. The Interpreter instructs Christian in the art of reading religious meanings hidden in everyday objects and events, which he houses in his Significant Rooms. Shining Ones- Three celestial creatures who clothe Christian with the new garments and give him the certificate. The Shining Ones act as guardians throughout Christians journey. Faithful-Fellow pilgrim from Christian’s hometown who reports on the city they both left behind. Faithful loyally accompanies Christian until he is executed in the town of Vanity for the crime of disrespecting local Satan- worshiping religion. Talkative- Fellow pilgrim who travel alongside Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian for valuing spiritual words over religious deeds. Mr. By-ends- A user of religion for personal ends and social profit. Mr. By-ends accompanies Christian briefly after Christian escapes from vanity. Hopeful-Pilgrim who replaces Faithful as Christian’s travel companion and confidant after leaving Vanity, all the way to Celestial city. Hopeful saves Christian’s life in the river before the gates to mount Zion Giant Despair- Master of the doubting castle. Giant Despair imprisons Hopeful and Christian for trespassing on his domain and is later killed by Great-Heart and Christian’s sons. Diffidence- Giant Despair’s wife. She encourages the harsh punishment of Hopeful and Christians in the Doubting Castle. Demas- Gentlemanly figure who tries to entice Christian and Hopeful with silver and dreams of wealth. Temporary- A would-be pilgrim whom Christian speaks of in a cautionary way, warning of Temporary’s backsliding before his spiritual progress was complete. MAIN SETTING(S) (a clear, concise description of each): There is no main setting; the novel occurs in a variety of places. ONE PARAGRAPH PLOT OUTLINE: Faith, Hope, Mercy, Envy, Ignorance, Guilt: These are not abstract concepts, but the names of vividly imagined, sharply draw human characters encountered by Christian, the hero of The Pilgrim’s Progress. In Christians search for salvation, each step along the way becomes a dramatic rendering of an inner state of the human psyche. As Christian journeys from â€Å"The wilderness of this world† to the glory of the Celestial City, he confronts a seemingly endless array of temptations, threats, and dangers, including the nearly irresistible allure of material splendor at Vanity Fair; the crushing psychological burden of depression and despair in the Slough of Despond ; and the fear and uncertainty that eats away at faith in the Doubting Castle. TWO OR THREE SYMBOLS (explain references and importance): City of Destruction- the city represents the entire world as it is, with all of its sins, corruptions, and sorrows, no one living there can have any hope of salvation. Interpreter- a character symbolizing the Holy Spirit. ONE OR TWO SENTENCES ON DOMINANT THEMES (State the theme correctly, e.g, â€Å"Love is blind.† NOT â€Å"the theme is about love.† What about it? BS. See Lit Book, p1187): The path to spiritual salvation is one full of many obstacles. STYLE ANALYSIS- CITE EXAMPLES AND ANALYZE THE EFFECT: The Style Analysis portion of your short form must be ONE Page. Use bullet points-NOT narrative format- like ur Novel Notes Single Spaced- but otherwise MLA format one inch margins N E Tabs s/b 1.5† Use Bullet Points – NOT narrative format ELABORATE on the Effect! Use your TOOLBOX and HandOuts DICTION: SYNTAX: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: FOUR SHORT (memorable QUOTATIONS TYPICAL OF THE WORK – include speaker and occasion. 1. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"Here is a burdened sinner. I come from the City of Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I may be delivered from Wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am informed that by this gate is the Way thither, know if you are willing to let me in?† Speaker – Christian Occasion – Christian introduces himself to the gatekeeper Goodwill, so that he can get through the gate and continue on his journey to salvation. 2. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"By this I perceive thou art one of my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I am the prince and God of it. How is it then that thou hast run away from thy king?† Speaker- Apollyon Occasion – Apollyon tries to kidnap Christian and thwart his journey. 3. â€Å"quote.† –   You will use this Short Form to write your analysis essay.

Autobiographical Essays

Autobiographical Essays Autobiographical Essays Autobiographical Essays Almost every student has to deal with writing autobiographical essays,when you need to write a personal essay describing your personality, hopes, life events, childhood, parents, etc. The best way is to show your personality, your background and your character are to organize your writing in a chronological order. Here are some pieces of advice to follow. In addition, you may find it helpful to review tips on writing personal essay, persuasive essay, and narrative essays online. Autobiographical Essays Pieces of Advice Think about the life experience which has influenced your character or remained in the mind as a powerful memory. Recollect the story, words, and other details which have made you stronger, wiser, kinder, etc. Try to make your autobiographical essaysinteresting. Recall an event which pushed you to certain actions or thoughts. For example, if you write about the trip to California as your key life events but fail to show why, your essay will not get a good grade. Thats for sure. But if there you participated in fighting the fire and saved the life of a little girl, it is a unique story worth being praised and written about. Impress your reader. Open your autobiographical essays with unexpected statement or tell the outcome of your story and then proceed backward showing how everything happened. Make each paragraph end with the exciting sentence the reader will be impatient to know what comes next. Organize your thoughts in a specific sequence. Logically, following to the structure of the essay, share how you felt and what you have now due to the past events, but sound positive and prepare the reader for the conclusion. In the conclusion of autobiographical essaysdemonstrate the powerfulness of the events, changes in your life, etc. Cover everything you showed in the main body in one big sentence which leads to the last one, the most important. You should not aim to influence the reader and raise some remembrances; make the audience think about their own mistakes and struggles. It is much better to remain optimistic and positive till the final word. Unless your purpose is to write autobiographical essaysabout difficult times of your life: Autobiographical Essays Help Autobiographical essays writing is not easy and many students find it challenging to choose the most important or the most interesting events of your life. Taking into account that increasing number of requests we receive from students, we introduced autobiographical essays writing service. Our prices are affordable while the academic quality of essays we deliver will satisfy the most demanding students. If you are looking for research paper editing or college essay writing or any other type of professional assistance, we are always ready to help you out! Read more: Dissertation Subjects Dissertation Paper Dissertation Expert American History Thesis Writers of Term Papers

How to Jumpstart Your Career in Education

How to Jumpstart Your Career in Education Maybe you’re looking for your career path in general, and think that you’d be well-suited to working in a classroom. Or maybe you already work in an educational role, and are feeling a little stagnant. Either way, it’s time for your next step, and we’ve got the tips and information you need to move on in your educational career. What Do Educational Professionals Do?You probably know that educators teach. They also plan, manage, coach, administer, organize, troubleshoot, advise, and assist. Whether working with the tiniest of preschoolers or the elderly woman going back to finish her degree, educators can be found in many different types and levels of schooling. Before you take your first (or next) step in the education world, it’s important to see what’s out there.Primary/Elementary LevelAt the early childhood education/elementary school level, there are many different kinds of roles available. There are classroom teachers, of course, but als o different kinds of staff that contribute to the overall running of the school.Preschool teacher- These are classroom educators who work with young children (pre-kindergarten).Elementary school teacher- These teachers work with students from kindergarten through approximately grade 5 (depending on the school).Paraprofessional/teaching assistant- These are classroom aides who work with teachers on classroom maintenance, lessons, and administrative tasks.Administrator- Principal, vice principal, superintendent, or other administrative leadership positionSubstitute teacher- This is a floating teacher who covers other teachers’ absences.Reading/literacy specialist- This is an educator who works on reading comprehension and development directly with students.Special education teacher- These educators work with students who have special physical or emotional education needs.Secondary LevelAt the secondary level, educators work with middle and high school students. Teachers are oft en subject-matter specific (math, science, history, language arts, etc.) and specialize in specific student areas.Middle school teacher- These teachers work with students from approximately grades 6 through 8 (depending on the school). Rather than teach multiple disciplines in a single classroom, these teachers often specialize in subject matter (reading/language arts, history, math, science, etc.)High school teacher- These teachers work with students from approximately grades 9 through 12 (depending on the school). Rather than teach multiple disciplines in a single classroom, these teachers often specialize in subject matter (reading/language arts, history, math, science, etc.)Administrator- These are principals, vice principals, superintendents, or other administrative leadership positions.Substitute teacher- This is a floating teacher who covers other teachers’ absences.Foreign language teacher- These are teachers who specialize in teaching languages other than English.Rea ding/literacy specialist- This is an educator who works on reading comprehension and development directly with students.Special education teacher- These educators work with students who have special physical or emotional education needs.Educational SupportNot all educators or educational staff are found in the classroom. These professionals work at schools in support roles.Counselor- These are professionals who can advise students on personal matters, or help them with academic plans and progress.School librarian- These professionals manage a school’s library (also sometimes known as media centers), and work with students on reading and research.ESL teacher- These are classroom teachers who work with students who speak a language other than English as their primary languageCollege/Postsecondary LevelThere are many educational career opportunities at the college level as well. Educators can work at community colleges, colleges and universities, allied health schools, professio nal colleges, and online schools/programs.Adjunct professor- These are teachers and lecturers who may teach classes and work for the school on a part-time or non-tenure basis.Associate Professor/Professor- These are educators who teach in specific disciplines as full employees of a college or university. They are often subject matter experts with experience in advanced academics or real-world applications of the field.Administrator- Colleges and universities are often large bodies, with many different departments and programs. Administrators work in education, but are often more behind the scenes to make sure programs are developed, budgeted, maintained, and running smoothly.How Much Do Educators Get Paid?Salary and benefits for educational jobs depend on many different factors: what the role is, where you’re located, the level of education needed at an entry level, and how much experience the person already has. It can vary, but here are some example median salaries for job s in the field, per PayScale:Elementary School Teacher: $43,697Middle School Teacher: $45,879High School Teacher: $48,072Preschool Teacher: $29,592Special Education Teacher: $45,011ESL Teacher: $40,658School Counselor: $48,217Administrator, Elementary and Secondary School: $67,202Paraprofessional: $18,339Adjunct Professor, College: $30,313Professor, College: $85,697School Librarian/Media Center Specialist: $45,388How Do I Become an Educator?Just about all of the roles outlined above require specialized education before you can start a job. In some cases, you can finish your degree after you start working (for example, you can finish a Master’s while teaching in some states), but in most cases a four-year degree or a program-specific certificate is a baseline necessity to become a teacher or an administrator at any education level.Each state also has its own requirements for certifying educators, particularly teachers and paraprofessionals. Many states require teachers to pass exams like the Praxis before they are fully certified. Some states, like New York and Texas, have their own state-specific exams as well. So once you’ve decided to go into the educational field, it’s important to check with your state’s Department of Education to see what kind of certification will be required for the role you want.How Do I Get the Education Job I Want?Once you’ve got your degree, maybe done an internship, and passed your certification with flying colors, you still have a very important hurdle: the job hunt. The educational job hunt isn’t too different from the application processes you’ve seen before, although you can expect to face extra-thorough background checks, particularly if you’re looking for a job on the elementary or secondary school level.Get Your Resume In ShapeAs with any job hunt, you want your resume to be stellar and attention-catching for all the right reasons. If you’re already in the field, you’ll want to emphasize your experience. If you’re just starting out, don’t hesitate to include any volunteer experience. For examples of teaching resumes for reference as you craft your own, click here.Write Your Cover LetterAlthough education has gone as digital as many other industries, you can really make your application package stand out with a great cover letter. It’s your chance to add context to your resume, and give the reader a stronger sense of who you are, and what you’d bring to your job in education. For examples of educator cover letters, click here.The Bottom LineIf you’re considering a career in education, it could be a great option because it’s a field where you can build skills and take them with you to the next step. And there are always paths for moving up. Say you start as a paraprofessional, and decide you want to pursue life in the classroom, so you become a teacher. A few years later, you decide you want to work in a more administrative role, so you start looking at vice principal jobs. The skills and experience you’ve built along the way make you a seasoned professional with valuable expertise.Similarly, there are plenty of outlets if you decide that a certain segment of education just isn’t for you. If teaching third graders isn’t what you thought it would be, maybe you can take your science whiz skills to a middle school Earth Science classroom, or teach chemistry at the local community college. There are so many options available that you can make a varied, satisfying career in education that works best for your skills and your goals.

Timeline of Reconstruction

Timeline of Reconstruction Reconstruction was a time of rebuilding the the United States after the tumultuous years of the Civil War. It lasted from the end of Civil War in 1865 to the Compromise of 1877 when Rutherford B. Hayes was given the presidency  in exchange for removing federal troops from Southern states.  Following are key events that occurred during this era including events that were occurring in other parts of the United States. 1865 Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment which abolished slavery in the United States.  Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate forces at Appomattox Courthouse.   Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Fords Theater.   Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln to the presidency.  Johnson began implementing a restoration plan based loosely on Lincolns ideas to help reintegrate the South. He issues pardons to most Confederates who are willing to take an oath of loyalty.  The last slaves in the United States are emancipated on June 19th, also called Juneteenth.  Mississippi creates black codes that limit the rights of freed blacks. They soon become common across the South.  The Freedmans Bureau is established.   1866 Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment which ensured equal protection of the laws to all persons.  Most Southern states reject it.  The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed which granted full citizenship and civil rights to blacks.  The Ku Klux Klan was founded in Tennessee. It would extend throughout the South by 1868.  The First Transatlantic Cable was completed.   1867   The Military Reconstruction Act divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Union generals policed these districts.  The Tenure of Office Act was passed requiring congressional approval before the president could remove appointees. This was to try and force Johnson to keep Radical Republican Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War. He went against the act when he removed Stanton from office in August.  The Grange  was established by farmers in the Midwest. It would quickly grow to over 800,000 members.  The US purchased Alaska from Russia in what was called Sewards Folly.   1868 President Johnson was impeached by the House but was acquitted by the Senate.  The Fourteenth Amendment was finally ratified by the states. Ulysses S. Grant became president.  The eight-hour workday became law for federal employees.   1869 The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Point, Utah.  The Knights of Labor was formed.  James Fisk and Jay Gould tried to corner the gold market leading to Black Friday.  Wyoming became the first state to grant womens suffrage.   1870 The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified giving black males the right to vote.  The last four  Southern states  that fought for the confederacy were readmitted to Congress. These were Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia.  The first black Senator, Hiram E. Revels, assumed the seat of Jefferson Davis.  The Enforcement Act was passed. This was allowed for federal intervention against the Ku Klux Klan.  A California case, White v. Flood, set the precedent for schools to be segregated by race.   1871 The Indian Appropriations Act was passed. This made all Native Americans as wards of the state.Boss Tweed political machine was exposed by the New York Times.The greenback becomes legal tender.  US reached the Alabama settlement with England over the aid it gave to the Confederacy in building warships. England paid $15.5 million in damages.  The Great Chicago Fire occurred. 1872   Ulysses S. Grant was reelected as president.Democrats gradually reclaim control of Southern state governments in a process known as Redemption.  Yellowstone National Park was established. 1873 The Panic of 1873 occurred, caused by rampant railroad speculation. The Gilded Age was written by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. 1874 The Womans Christian Temperance Union was founded. 1875 The Whiskey Ring scandal occurred during President Grants administration. A number of his associates were indicted.  The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed by Congress. It established penalties for those who denied citizens equal employment and the use of inns, theaters, and other places.   1876 The Lakota Sioux are ordered to reservations. In their resistance, the Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeat General Custer and his men at the Battle of Little Big Horn.  Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.Samuel J. Tilden defeated Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote. However, the electoral vote is thrown into the House of Representatives.   1877   The Compromise of 1877 occurred giving Hayes the presidency.  Federal troops were removed from the Southern states.